基于图形处理器的X射线锥束成像模拟算法
A GPU-Based Algorithm for the Simulation of X-Ray Cone-Beam Imaging
摘 要
针对X射线锥束成像模拟计算量大、速度慢的问题，提出了一种基于图形处理器(GPU)的快速成像模拟算法。该算法沿着每条射线累加所经过体素对投影值的贡献量，实现了对X射线成像的模拟。在计算射线与体素的交线长时，采用分类处理交线的方法，减少了增量Siddon算法的动态分支计算。为了提高投影图像质量，该算法还用GPU硬件线性插值采样取代Siddon算法的邻近插值采样。对三维Shepp-logan模型的测试结果表明，该算法的速度比基于GPU的增量Siddon算法平均提高了44%，而且图像质量明显提高。最后，用实测数据进一步验证了算法的有效性。
模拟
图形处理器
分类
采样
X-ray imaging
Simulation
Graphics processing unit(GPU)
Classification
Sampling
Abstract
To accelerate the simulation of X-ray cone-beam imaging, a GPU(graphics processing unit) based algorithm is proposed in this paper. The algorithm generates X-ray image by accumulating the contribution of voxels along each X-ray. Intersection lengths of these voxels with X-ray are calculated by classifying the intersection types, which reduces the time-consuming dynamic branches compared to the famous incremental Siddon algorithm. To improve image quality, sampled values along X-ray are computed by GPU hardware supported linear interpolation instead of nearest interpolation used by the incremental Siddon algorithm. The experiment of the projection calculation of Shepp-logan phantom shows that the simulation speed is improved by 44% averagely as compared to the GPU-based incremental Siddon algorithm and a better image quality is achieved. Finally, the proposed algorithm is validated by the experiment with real measured data.
中图分类号 TG115.28 TP391
所属栏目 科研成果与学术交流
基金项目 国家自然科学基金资助项目(60972140，60971131);北京市自然科学基金资助项目(3102009);北京市教委科技发展计划资助项目(KM201010028001)
收稿日期 2011/1/18
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备注杨涛(1982-)，男，博士研究生，主要从事计算机图形学、科学可视化等方面的研究。
引用该论文: YANG Tao,ZHAO Xing. A GPU-Based Algorithm for the Simulation of X-Ray Cone-Beam Imaging[J]. Nondestructive Testing, 2011, 33(12): 6～13
杨涛,赵星. 基于图形处理器的X射线锥束成像模拟算法[J]. 无损检测, 2011, 33(12): 6～13
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参考文献
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【2】Freud N, Duvauchelle P, Letang J M, et al. Fast and robust ray casting algorithms for virtual X-ray imaging[J]. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms,2006,248(1):175-180.
【3】邵军明，路宏年，蔡慧.X射线成像的一种点扩展函数模型[J].光学学报,2005,25(8):1148-1152.
【4】孔凡琴，路宏年.数字X射线图像散射的自适应抑制算法[J].光电工程,2005,32(6):86-88.
【5】邹晶，孙艳勤，张朋.由少量投影数据快速重建图像的迭代算法[J].光学学报,2009,29 (5):1198-2004.
【6】赵星，胡晶晶，潘晓川，等.一种新的基于GPU实现的锥束CT正投影算法[J].电子学报,2009,37(6):1165-1169.
【7】Xu F. Fast implementation of iterative reconstruction with exact ray-driven projector on GPUs[J]. Tsinghua Science and Technology,2010,15(1):30-35.
【8】Siddon R L. Fast calculation of the exact radiological path for a three dimensional CT Array[J]. Medical Physics,1985,12(2):252-255.
【9】Jacobs F, Sundermann E, Sutter B D, et al. A fast algorithm to calculate the exact radiological path through a pixel or voxel space[J]. Journal of Computing and Information Technology,1998,6(1):89-94.
【10】Han G, Liang Z, You J. A fast ray tracing technique for TCT and ECT studies[J]. IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging,2000,19(5):556-564.
【11】Zhao H, Reader A J. Fast ray-tracing technique to calculate line integral paths in voxel arrays[C]. // Proceedings of IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium. Portland, USA,2003:211-218.
【12】Greef M, Crezee J, Eijk J C, et al. Accelerated ray tracing for radiotherapy dose calculations on a GPU[J]. Medical Physics,2009,36(9):4095-4102.
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